Sauté The Onions. Heat olive oil over medium heat in a Dutch oven or large pot. Add diced onions and cook 5-7 minutes, or until translucent and tender.
Build Flavor. Add the diced chipotle chiles in adobo sauce, minced garlic, chili powder, cumin, smoked paprika, and salt. Cook 1-2 minutes until fragrant.
Combine. Next, add diced chicken corn, black beans, diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, and chicken broth. Stir until evenly mixed.
Simmer. Bring the soup up to a boil over medium-high heat, then reduce heat to a simmer (medium or medium-low heat). Let the soup simmer 15-20 minutes, or until the veggies are tender and the soup looks a little thicker.
Finish Soup. Turn off the heat and add grated cheddar cheese and chopped cilantro. Stir until the cheese is melted. Taste and add additional salt or seasonings, to taste, as needed.
Serve & Store. Enjoy warm with more cheese and your favorite toppings (tortilla chips, cilantro, jalapeño slices, diced avocado, sour cream, Greek yogurt, etc.), or store leftovers in an airtight container in the fridge 3-4 days. Soup can also be frozen up to 2 months. Thaw frozen soup in the fridge, then reheat on the stove for best results.